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Conclusion And Bibliography
The purpose of the present work has been to show not so much the identity of Christian and Muhammedan theories of life during the middle ages, as the parallel course of development common to both, and to demonstrate the fact that ideas could be transferred from one system to the other. Detail has been sacrificed to this general purpose. The brief outline of Muhammedan dogmatics and mysticism was necessary to complete the general survey of the question. Any one of these subjects, and the same is true as regards a detailed life of Muhammed, would require at least another volume of equal size for satisfactory treatment.
The Oriental scholar will easily see where I base my statements upon my own researches and where I have followed Goldziher and Snouck. My chief source of information, apart from the six great books of tradition, has been the invaluable compilation of Soj[=u]t[=i], the great Kanz el-'Umm[=a]l (Hyderabad, 1314). To those who do not read Arabic may be recommended the French translation of the Boch[=a]r[=i], of which two volumes are now published: El-Bokâhri, les traditions islamiques traduites … par O. Houdas and W. Marçais. Paris, 1906.
Of general works dealing with the questions I have touched, the following, to which I owe a considerable debt, may be recommended:—
J. Goldziher. Muhammedanische Studien, Halle, 1889 and following year.
Die Religion des Islams (Kult. d. Gegenw., I, iii. 1).
C. Snouck Hurgronje. De Islam (de Gids, 1886, us. 5 f.) Mekka. The Hague, 1888.
Une nouvelle biographie de Mohammed (Rev. Hist. Relig., 1894).
Leone Caetani di Teano. Annali dell' Islam. Milan, 1905 and following years.
F. Buhl. Muhammed's Liv. Copenhagen, 1903.
H. Grimme. Muhammed. Munich, 1904.
J. Wellhausen. Das arabische Reich und sein Sturz. Berlin, 1902.
Th. Nöldeke. Geschichte des Qoräns. Gottingen, 1860. (New edition by F. Schwally in the press.)
C.H. Becker. Die Kanzel im Kultus des alten Islam. Giessen, 1906.
Papyri. Schott-Reinhardt, I. Heidelberg, 1906.
Th. W. Juynboll. Handleidung tot de kennis van de Mohammedaansche Wet. Leyden, 1903.
T.J. de Boer. Geschichte der Philosophie in Islam. Stuttgart, 1901 (also an English edition).
D.B. Macdonald. Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence and Constitutional Theory. New York, 1903.
A. Merx. Idee und Grundlinien einer allgemeinen Geschichte der Mystik. Heidelberg, 1893.
A. Müller. Der Islam im Morgen- und Abendland (Oncken's collection).
W. Riedel. Die Kirchenrechtsquellen des Patriarchats Alexandrien. Leipsic, 1900.